推荐阅读:
[AI-人工智能]免翻墙的AI利器:樱桃茶·智域GPT,让你轻松使用ChatGPT和Midjourney - 免费AIGC工具 - 拼车/合租账号 八折优惠码: AIGCJOEDISCOUNT2024
[AI-人工智能]银河录像局: 国内可靠的AI工具与流媒体的合租平台 高效省钱、现号秒发、翻车赔偿、无限续费|95折优惠码: AIGCJOE
[AI-人工智能]免梯免翻墙-ChatGPT拼车站月卡 | 可用GPT4/GPT4o/o1-preview | 会话隔离 | 全网最低价独享体验ChatGPT/Claude会员服务
[AI-人工智能]边界AICHAT - 超级永久终身会员激活 史诗级神器,口碑炸裂!300万人都在用的AI平台
本文详细介绍了Ubuntu操作系统中的AppArmor(应用程序_armor)配置方法,针对Ubuntu Server ARM架构,阐述了如何通过配置AppArmor来增强系统安全性,提升应用程序的运行环境,确保服务稳定运行。
本文目录导读:
随着信息技术的快速发展,系统安全越来越受到人们的关注,Ubuntu 作为一款广受欢迎的操作系统,其内置的安全机制 AppArmor(Application Armor)为系统提供了强大的安全防护,本文将详细介绍 Ubuntu AppArmor 的配置方法,以及如何在实际应用中发挥其作用。
AppArmor 简介
AppArmor 是一种强制访问控制(MAC)系统,它通过为应用程序定义安全策略来限制程序对系统资源的访问,这些策略可以限制程序对文件、网络、其他程序的访问,以及程序的行为,AppArmor 的核心思想是“最小权限原则”,即只授予程序完成任务所必需的权限。
AppArmor 的安装与启用
1、安装 AppArmor
在 Ubuntu 系统中,AppArmor 默认已经安装,如果没有安装,可以通过以下命令安装:
sudo apt-get install apparmor apparmor-utils
2、启用 AppArmor
安装完成后,需要启用 AppArmor,可以通过以下命令查看当前 AppArmor 的状态:
sudo aa-status
AppArmor 处于禁用状态,可以通过以下命令启用:
sudo systemctl enable apparmor
AppArmor 配置方法
1、编写安全策略
AppArmor 的安全策略以文件的形式存在,通常位于/etc/apparmor.d/
目录下,编写安全策略时,需要遵循以下原则:
- 确定要限制的程序及其所需的权限;
- 逐步细化权限,从宽泛到具体;
- 尽量避免使用通配符。
以下是一个简单的安全策略示例:
#include <tunables/global> /toggle-switch-confined -d /toggle-switch-confined { capability: sys_tty_config, capability: sys_admin, /dev/tty* r, /dev/input/* r, /etc/toggle-switch.conf r, /var/run/toggle-switch.pid w, /usr/bin/toggle-switch rix, /usr/lib/toggle-switch/* r, /usr/share/toggle-switch/* r, /tmp/toggle-switch-*.pid w, /tmp/toggle-switch-*.log w, /var/log/toggle-switch.log w, /var/run/toggle-switch.sock w, /var/run/toggle-switch/* r, signal (receive) ptrace (read) ptrace (write) ptrace (trace) { hat /usr/bin/toggle-switch { capability: sys_tty_config, capability: sys_admin, /dev/tty* r, /dev/input/* r, /etc/toggle-switch.conf r, /var/run/toggle-switch.pid w, /tmp/toggle-switch-*.pid w, /tmp/toggle-switch-*.log w, /var/log/toggle-switch.log w, /var/run/toggle-switch.sock w, /var/run/toggle-switch/* r, } } }
2、加载安全策略
编写完安全策略后,需要将其加载到系统中,可以通过以下命令加载:
sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/toggle-switch
3、检查安全策略
加载完成后,可以通过以下命令检查安全策略的加载情况:
sudo aa-status
AppArmor 实践案例
以下是一个使用 AppArmor 限制 SSH 服务器的案例:
1、编写安全策略
创建一个名为sshd
的安全策略文件,内容如下:
#include <tunables/global> sshd { capability: chown, capability: dac_override, capability: fowner, capability: kill, capability: net_admin, capability: setgid, capability: setuid, capability: sys_admin, capability: sys_ptrace, /etc/ssh/* r, /etc/passwd r, /etc/shadow r, /var/run/sshd/* r, /var/log/auth.log w, /var/log/auth.log.1 w, /var/log/auth.log.2 w, /var/log/auth.log.3 w, /var/log/auth.log.4 w, /var/log/auth.log.5 w, /var/log/auth.log.6 w, /var/log/auth.log.7 w, /var/log/auth.log.8 w, /var/log/auth.log.9 w, /var/log/auth.log.10 w, /var/log/auth.log.11 w, /var/log/auth.log.12 w, /var/log/auth.log.13 w, /var/log/auth.log.14 w, /var/log/auth.log.15 w, /var/log/auth.log.16 w, /var/log/auth.log.17 w, /var/log/auth.log.18 w, /var/log/auth.log.19 w, /var/log/auth.log.20 w, /var/log/auth.log.21 w, /var/log/auth.log.22 w, /var/log/auth.log.23 w, /var/log/auth.log.24 w, /var/log/auth.log.25 w, /var/log/auth.log.26 w, /var/log/auth.log.27 w, /var/log/auth.log.28 w, /var/log/auth.log.29 w, /var/log/auth.log.30 w, /var/log/auth.log.31 w, /var/log/auth.log.32 w, /var/log/auth.log.33 w, /var/log/auth.log.34 w, /var/log/auth.log.35 w, /var/log/auth.log.36 w, /var/log/auth.log.37 w, /var/log/auth.log.38 w, /var/log/auth.log.39 w, /var/log/auth.log.40 w, /var/log/auth.log.41 w, /var/log/auth.log.42 w, /var/log/auth.log.43 w, /var/log/auth.log.44 w, /var/log/auth.log.45 w, /var/log/auth.log.46 w, /var/log/auth.log.47 w, /var/log/auth.log.48 w, /var/log/auth.log.49 w, /var/log/auth.log.50 w, /var/log/auth.log.51 w, /var/log/auth.log.52 w, /var/log/auth.log.53 w, /var/log/auth.log.54 w, /var/log/auth.log.55 w, /var/log/auth.log.56 w, /var/log/auth.log.57 w, /var/log/auth.log.58 w, /var/log/auth.log.59 w, /var/log/auth.log.60 w, /var/log/auth.log.61 w, /var/log/auth.log.62 w, /var/log/auth.log.63 w, /var/log/auth.log.64 w, /var/log/auth.log.65 w, /var/log/auth.log.66 w, /var/log/auth.log.67 w, /var/log/auth.log.68 w, /var/log/auth.log.69 w, /var/log/auth.log.70 w, /var/log/auth.log.71 w, /var/log/auth.log.72 w, /var/log/auth.log.73 w, /var/log/auth.log.74 w, /var/log/auth.log.75 w, /var/log/auth.log.76 w, /var/log/auth.log.77 w, /var/log/auth.log.78 w, /var/log/auth.log.79 w, /var/log/auth.log.80 w, /var/log/auth.log.81 w, /var/log/auth.log.82 w, /var/log/auth.log.83 w, /var/log/auth.log.84 w, /var/log/auth.log.85 w, /var/log/auth.log.86 w, /var/log/auth.log.87 w, /var/log/auth.log.88 w, /var/log/auth.log.89 w, /var/log/auth.log.90 w, /var/log/auth.log.91 w, /var/log/auth.log.92 w, /var/log/auth.log.93 w, /var/log/auth.log.94 w, /var/log/auth.log.95 w, /var/log/auth.log.96 w, /var/log/auth.log.97 w, /var/log/auth.log.98 w, /var/log/auth.log.99 w, /var/log/auth.log.100 w, /var/log/auth.log.101 w, /var/log/auth.log.102 w, /var/log/auth.log.103 w, /var/log/auth.log.104 w, /var/log/auth.log.105 w, /var/log/auth.log.106 w, /var/log/auth.log.107 w, /var/log/auth.log.108 w, /var/log/auth.log.109 w, /var/log/auth.log.110 w, /var/log/auth.log.111 w, /var/log/auth.log.112 w, /var/log/auth.log.113 w, /var/log/auth.log.114 w, /var
本文标签属性:
Ubuntu AppArmor 配置:ubuntu server arm