[Linux操作系统]Nginx与ModSecurity，打造更安全的Web服务器|,Nginx与ModSecurity，Nginx结合ModSecurity，构建坚不可摧的Linux Web服务器安全防线,Linux操作系统,云主机博士

[Linux操作系统]Nginx与ModSecurity，打造更安全的Web服务器|,Nginx与ModSecurity，Nginx结合ModSecurity，构建坚不可摧的Linux Web服务器安全防线

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本文介绍了如何通过集成Nginx与ModSecurity来构建更安全的Web服务器。Nginx作为高性能的Web服务器，与ModSecurity这款开源Web应用防火墙结合，可提供强大的防护能力，有效防御SQL注入、跨站脚本攻击等网络威胁，保障网站安全。

本文目录导读：

Nginx简介
ModSecurity简介
Nginx与ModSecurity的集成

随着互联网的普及，Web服务器的安全性越来越受到重视，Nginx作为一款高性能的Web服务器，广泛应用于各类网站，而ModSecurity则是一款开源的Web应用防火墙，可以有效地提高Web服务的安全性，本文将详细介绍Nginx与ModSecurity的集成与应用，帮助大家打造更安全的Web服务器。

Nginx简介

Nginx（发音为“Engine-X”）是一款高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，同时也支持IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理，Nginx由俄罗斯程序员Igor Sysoev开发，第一个版本发布于2004年，Nginx采用事件驱动的方法，能够处理大量并发连接，因此在高负载环境下具有优秀的性能。

ModSecurity简介

ModSecurity是一款开源的Web应用防火墙（WAF），由OWASP（开放Web应用安全项目）维护，ModSecurity可以嵌入到Web服务器中，如Apache、IIS和Nginx等，用于实时监控、分析和防护Web应用，ModSecurity具有丰富的规则库，可以有效地防御SQL注入、跨站脚本攻击（XSS）、文件包含等常见的Web攻击。

Nginx与ModSecurity的集成

1、安装Nginx

需要在服务器上安装Nginx，以下是在Ubuntu系统上安装Nginx的命令：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

2、安装ModSecurity

安装ModSecurity，以下是在Ubuntu系统上安装ModSecurity的命令：

sudo apt install libmodsecurity3 libmodsecurity3-common modsecurity-nginx

3、配置Nginx

安装完成后，需要修改Nginx的配置文件，以启用ModSecurity，备份原始的Nginx配置文件：

sudo cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.backup

编辑Nginx配置文件：

sudo vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

在http部分添加以下内容：

http {
    ...
    modsecurity on;
    modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsecurity.conf;
    ...
}

4、配置ModSecurity

配置ModSecurity，创建一个ModSecurity的配置文件：

sudo touch /etc/nginx/modsecurity.conf

编辑该文件，添加以下内容：

SecRuleEngine On
SecRequestBodyAccess On
SecRequestBodyLimit 131072
SecRequestBodyNoFilesLimit 131072
SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit 131072
SecPcreMatchLimit 1000
SecPcreMatchLimitRecursion 1000
SecRule REQUEST_BODY "@rx ^$"
SecRule REQUEST_METHOD "^(GET|POST)$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Cookie "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Authorization "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Type "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Accept "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Accept-Encoding "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Accept-Language "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Connection "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Host "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Pragma "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Cache-Control "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:If-Modified-Since "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:If-None-Match "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:If-Range "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:If-Unmodified-Since "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Range "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Upgrade "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Forwarded-For "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Forwarded-Proto "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Real-IP "!^$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Forwarded-For "!^unknown$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Forwarded-Proto "!^https$"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-Real-IP "!^unknown$"
SecRule REQUEST_LINE "!^GET|HEAD|POST|PUT|DELETE|OPTIONS|PATCH$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI "!^/|/index.php$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.php$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.jspx$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.jsp$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.cgi$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.pl$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.asm$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.exe$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bat$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.sh$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.dll$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.so$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.class$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.jar$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.war$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ear$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.log$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.tmp$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bak$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.old$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.swp$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.swo$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.swx$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.sw?"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.html$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.htm$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.xml$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.json$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.txt$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.md$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.doc$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.docx$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.xls$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.xlsx$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ppt$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.pptx$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.pdf$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ps$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.eps$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ai$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.jpg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.jpeg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.png$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.gif$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bmp$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.tiff$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.tif$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.webp$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.svg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ico$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.cur$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ani$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.wav$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.mp3$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.ogg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.mp4$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.avi$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.mov$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.mkv$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.flv$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.swf$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.zip$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.rar$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.7z$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.tar$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.gz$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bz2$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.xz$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.iso$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.dmg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.deb$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.rpm$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.exe$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.msi$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.pkg$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.app$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bin$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.sh$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.bat$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.py$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.pl$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI " ]+.rb$"
SecRule REQUEST_URI "^[