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本文提供了一份从零开始在Linux操作系统上使用VPS搭建OpenStack私有云平台的详细指南。内容涵盖VPS基础配置、OpenStack组件安装与部署、网络设置及安全加固等步骤。还介绍了如何利用VPS搭建免费梯子，提升访问效率。通过本指南，用户可掌握构建高效、安全的私有云服务的方法，适用于云计算爱好者及中小企业IT管理员参考。

本文目录导读：

准备工作
环境配置
安装OpenStack
安装OpenStack服务

随着云计算技术的迅猛发展，越来越多的企业和个人开始关注和使用私有云平台，OpenStack作为开源云计算的佼佼者，以其强大的功能和灵活性受到了广泛关注，本文将详细介绍如何在VPS（虚拟专用服务器）上搭建OpenStack私有云平台，帮助读者从零开始掌握这一技术。

准备工作

在开始搭建之前，我们需要做好以下准备工作：

1、选择合适的VPS：选择一台性能较好的VPS，建议至少拥有4核CPU、8GB内存和100GB硬盘空间。

2、操作系统选择：推荐使用Ubuntu 20.04 LTS或CentOS 8，本文以Ubuntu 20.04为例。

3、基础软件安装：确保VPS上已安装SSH、Git等基础软件。

环境配置

1、更新系统：

```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade -y

```

2、安装依赖包：

```bash

sudo apt install pythOn3-pip python3-dev libffi-dev gcc libssl-dev -y

```

3、配置主机名和hosts文件：

```bash

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname openstack-node

echo "127.0.0.1 openstack-node" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

```

安装OpenStack

1、安装OpenStack客户端：

```bash

sudo pip3 install python-openstackclient

```

2、安装数据库：

OpenStack需要数据库支持，推荐使用MariaDB。

```bash

sudo apt install mariadb-server python3-pymysql -y

sudo mysql_secure_installation

```

3、配置数据库：

登录MySQL并创建OpenStack数据库及用户：

```sql

CREATE DATABASE nova;

CREATE DATABASE neutron;

CREATE DATABASE glance;

CREATE DATABASE keystone;

CREATE USER 'openstack'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'openstack'@'localhost';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

EXIT;

```

4、安装RabbitMQ：

OpenStack使用RabbitMQ作为消息队列服务。

```bash

sudo apt install rabbitmq-server -y

sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server

sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server

```

5、创建RabbitMQ用户：

```bash

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack your_password

sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

```

安装OpenStack服务

1、安装Keystone（身份认证服务）：

```bash

sudo apt install keystone apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 -y

```

配置Keystone：

```bash

sudo cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf /etc/keystone/keystone.conf.bak

sudo sed -i 's/#admin_token = ADMIN/admin_token = your_admin_token/' /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#conneCTIon = <None>/connection = mysql+pymysql://openstack:your_password@localhost/keystone/' /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo keystone-manage db_sync

```

配置Apache：

```bash

sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf.bak

sudo echo "ServerName openstack-node" | sudo tee -a /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

sudo systemctl restart apache2

sudo systemctl enable apache2

```

2、安装Glance（镜像服务）：

```bash

sudo apt install glance -y

```

配置Glance：

```bash

sudo cp /etc/glance/glance-api.conf /etc/glance/glance-api.conf.bak

sudo sed -i 's/#connection = <None>/connection = mysql+pymysql://openstack:your_password@localhost/glance/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_uri = <None>/auth_uri = http://openstack-node:5000/v3/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_url = <None>/auth_url = http://openstack-node:35357/v3/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#memcached_servers = <None>/memcached_servers = openstack-node:11211/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_type = <None>/auth_type = password/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#project_domain_name = <None>/project_domain_name = Default/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#user_domain_name = <None>/user_domain_name = Default/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#project_name = <None>/project_name = service/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#username = <None>/username = glance/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#password = <None>/password = your_password/' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo glance-manage db_sync

```

启动服务：

```bash

sudo systemctl restart glance-api

sudo systemctl enable glance-api

```

3、安装Nova（计算服务）：

```bash

sudo apt install nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler -y

```

配置Nova：

```bash

sudo cp /etc/nova/nova.conf /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak

sudo sed -i 's/#connection = <None>/connection = mysql+pymysql://openstack:your_password@localhost/nova/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_uri = <None>/auth_uri = http://openstack-node:5000/v3/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_url = <None>/auth_url = http://openstack-node:35357/v3/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#memcached_servers = <None>/memcached_servers = openstack-node:11211/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_type = <None>/auth_type = password/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#project_domain_name = <None>/project_domain_name = Default/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#user_domain_name = <None>/user_domain_name = Default/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#project_name = <None>/project_name = service/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#username = <None>/username = nova/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#password = <None>/password = your_password/' /etc/nova/nova.conf

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo nova-manage db sync

```

启动服务：

```bash

sudo systemctl restart nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler

sudo systemctl enable nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler

```

4、安装Neutron（网络服务）：

```bash

sudo apt install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent -y

```

配置Neutron：

```bash

sudo cp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak

sudo sed -i 's/#connection = <None>/connection = mysql+pymysql://openstack:your_password@localhost/neutron/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_uri = <None>/auth_uri = http://openstack-node:5000/v3/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_url = <None>/auth_url = http://openstack-node:35357/v3/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#memcached_servers = <None>/memcached_servers = openstack-node:11211/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#auth_type = <None>/auth_type = password/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#project_domain_name = <None>/project_domain_name = Default/' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

sudo sed -i 's/#user_domain_name

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