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本文提供从零开始在Linux操作系统上使用VPS搭建OpenStack私有云的实战指南。详细步骤涵盖VPS环境准备、OpenStack组件安装与配置,旨在帮助用户构建高效稳定的私有云平台。文中也涉及VPS搭建梯子的相关技巧,为解决网络访问限制提供解决方案。通过本指南,读者可掌握OpenStack私有云搭建的核心技能,提升IT基础设施管理水平。
本文目录导读:
随着云计算技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的企业和个人开始关注私有云的搭建和应用,OpenStack作为开源云计算平台的代表,凭借其强大的功能和灵活性,成为了众多用户的首选,本文将详细介绍如何在VPS(虚拟专用服务器)上搭建OpenStack私有云,帮助读者从零开始掌握这一技术。
准备工作
1、选择合适的VPS
硬件要求:建议选择配置较高的VPS,至少4核CPU、8GB内存和100GB硬盘空间。
操作系统:推荐使用Ubuntu 20.04 LTS或CentOS 7,本文以Ubuntu 20.04为例。
2、安装必要的工具
SSH客户端:用于远程连接VPS。
文本编辑器:如Vim或Nano,用于编辑配置文件。
环境配置
1、更新系统
```bash
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
```
2、安装依赖包
```bash
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev libffi-dev gcc libssl-dev -y
```
3、配置主机名和hosts文件
```bash
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname openstack-controller
sudo nano /etc/hosts
```
添加以下内容:
```
127.0.0.1 openstack-controller
```
安装OpenStack服务
1、安装OpenStack包管理工具
```bash
sudo pip3 install python-openstackclient
```
2、安装数据库服务
MariaDB:
```bash
sudo apt install mariadb-server python3-pymysql -y
sudo mysql_secure_installation
```
- 配置MariaDB:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf
```
添加以下内容:
```
[mysqld]
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_conneCTIons = 4096
collation-server = utf8_geNERal_ci
character-set-server = utf8
```
3、安装消息队列服务
RabbitMQ:
```bash
sudo apt install rabbitmq-server -y
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
```
4、安装Memcached
```bash
sudo apt install memcached python3-memcache -y
sudo nano /etc/memcached.conf
```
修改以下内容:
```
-l 127.0.0.1
```
5、安装Etcd
```bash
sudo apt install etcd -y
sudo nano /etc/default/etcd
```
修改以下内容:
```
ETCD_NAME="openstack-controller"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-01"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="openstack-controller=http://127.0.0.1:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:2379"
```
安装OpenStack核心组件
1、安装Keystone(身份认证服务)
```bash
sudo apt install keystone apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 -y
sudo nano /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
```
修改以下内容:
```
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@localhost/keystone
[token]
provider = fernet
```
初始化数据库:
```bash
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
```
配置Apache:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgi-keystone.conf
```
添加以下内容:
```
<VirtualHost *:5000>
ServerName openstack-controller
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
<IfVersion >= 2.4>
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
</IfVersion>
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_error.log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:35357>
ServerName openstack-controller
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
<IfVersion >= 2.4>
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
</IfVersion>
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_error.log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
```
启动服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl restart apache2
```
2、安装Glance(镜像服务)
```bash
sudo apt install glance -y
sudo nano /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
```
修改以下内容:
```
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@localhost/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
```
初始化数据库:
```bash
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
```
启动服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl enable glance-api
sudo systemctl start glance-api
```
3、安装Nova(计算服务)
```bash
sudo apt install nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler -y
sudo nano /etc/nova/nova.conf
```
修改以下内容:
```
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@localhost/nova
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS
[vnc]
enabled = true
server_listen = $my_ip
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
```
初始化数据库:
```bash
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
```
启动服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl enable nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler
sudo systemctl start nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler
```
4、安装Neutron(网络服务)
```bash
sudo apt install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent -y
sudo nano /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
```
修改以下内容:
```
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@localhost/neutron
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
```
配置ML2插件:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/neutron/plugins/ml
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