[Linux操作系统]从零开始，VPS搭建OpenStack私有云实战指南|vps搭建梯子,VPS搭建OpenStack，从零起步，VPS搭建OpenStack私有云实战全攻略,Linux操作系统,云主机博士

本文提供从零开始在Linux操作系统上使用VPS搭建OpenStack私有云的实战指南。详细步骤涵盖VPS环境准备、OpenStack组件安装与配置，旨在帮助用户构建高效稳定的私有云平台。文中也涉及VPS搭建梯子的相关技巧，为解决网络访问限制提供解决方案。通过本指南，读者可掌握OpenStack私有云搭建的核心技能，提升IT基础设施管理水平。

本文目录导读：

准备工作
环境配置
安装OpenStack服务
安装OpenStack核心组件

随着云计算技术的迅猛发展，越来越多的企业和个人开始关注私有云的搭建和应用，OpenStack作为开源云计算平台的代表，凭借其强大的功能和灵活性，成为了众多用户的首选，本文将详细介绍如何在VPS（虚拟专用服务器）上搭建OpenStack私有云，帮助读者从零开始掌握这一技术。

准备工作

1、选择合适的VPS

硬件要求：建议选择配置较高的VPS，至少4核CPU、8GB内存和100GB硬盘空间。

操作系统：推荐使用Ubuntu 20.04 LTS或CentOS 7，本文以Ubuntu 20.04为例。

2、安装必要的工具

SSH客户端：用于远程连接VPS。

文本编辑器：如Vim或Nano，用于编辑配置文件。

环境配置

1、更新系统

```bash

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

```

2、安装依赖包

```bash

sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev libffi-dev gcc libssl-dev -y

```

3、配置主机名和hosts文件

```bash

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname openstack-controller

sudo nano /etc/hosts

```

添加以下内容：

```

127.0.0.1 openstack-controller

```

安装OpenStack服务

1、安装OpenStack包管理工具

```bash

sudo pip3 install python-openstackclient

```

2、安装数据库服务

MariaDB：

```bash

sudo apt install mariadb-server python3-pymysql -y

sudo mysql_secure_installation

```

- 配置MariaDB：

```bash

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf

```

添加以下内容：

```

[mysqld]

bind-address = 127.0.0.1

default-storage-engine = innodb

innodb_file_per_table = on

max_conneCTIons = 4096

collation-server = utf8_geNERal_ci

character-set-server = utf8

```

3、安装消息队列服务

RabbitMQ：

```bash

sudo apt install rabbitmq-server -y

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS

sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

```

4、安装Memcached

```bash

sudo apt install memcached python3-memcache -y

sudo nano /etc/memcached.conf

```

修改以下内容：

```

-l 127.0.0.1

```

5、安装Etcd

```bash

sudo apt install etcd -y

sudo nano /etc/default/etcd

```

修改以下内容：

```

ETCD_NAME="openstack-controller"

ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-01"

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="openstack-controller=http://127.0.0.1:2380"

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:2380"

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:2379"

```

安装OpenStack核心组件

1、安装Keystone（身份认证服务）

```bash

sudo apt install keystone apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 -y

sudo nano /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

```

修改以下内容：

```

[database]

connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@localhost/keystone

[token]

provider = fernet

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

```

配置Apache：

```bash

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgi-keystone.conf

```

添加以下内容：

```

ServerName openstack-controller

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public

WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public

WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

WSGIPassAuthorization On

ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

</IfVersion>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_error.log

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

ServerName openstack-controller

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin

WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin

WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

WSGIPassAuthorization On

ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

</IfVersion>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_error.log

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/keystone_access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

```

启动服务：

```bash

sudo systemctl enable apache2

sudo systemctl restart apache2

```

2、安装Glance（镜像服务）

```bash

sudo apt install glance -y

sudo nano /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

```

修改以下内容：

```

[database]

connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@localhost/glance

[keystone_authtoken]

www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211

auth_type = password

project_domain_name = Default

user_domain_name = Default

project_name = service

username = glance

password = GLANCE_PASS

[paste_deploy]

flavor = keystone

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

```

启动服务：

```bash

sudo systemctl enable glance-api

sudo systemctl start glance-api

```

3、安装Nova（计算服务）

```bash

sudo apt install nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler -y

sudo nano /etc/nova/nova.conf

```

修改以下内容：

```

[database]

connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@localhost/nova

[keystone_authtoken]

www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211

auth_type = password

project_domain_name = Default

user_domain_name = Default

project_name = service

username = nova

password = NOVA_PASS

[vnc]

enabled = true

server_listen = $my_ip

server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip

```

初始化数据库：

```bash

sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

```

启动服务：

```bash

sudo systemctl enable nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler

sudo systemctl start nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler

```

4、安装Neutron（网络服务）

```bash

sudo apt install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent -y

sudo nano /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

```

修改以下内容：

```

[database]

connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@localhost/neutron

[keystone_authtoken]

www_authenticate_uri = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

auth_url = http://openstack-controller:5000/v3

memcached_servers = openstack-controller:11211

auth_type = password

project_domain_name = Default

user_domain_name = Default

project_name = service

username = neutron

password = NEUTRON_PASS

```

配置ML2插件：

```bash

sudo nano /etc/neutron/plugins/ml

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