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本文提供了一份从零开始在Linux操作系统上使用VPS搭建OpenStack私有云平台的详细指南。首先介绍了VPS的基本概念及其在搭建梯子方面的应用,随后重点讲解了如何在VPS上部署OpenStack,包括环境准备、软件安装、配置调整等步骤。通过该指南,用户可以免费搭建属于自己的OpenStack私有云,提升数据管理和资源利用效率。文章旨在帮助初学者快速上手,实现高效、安全的云平台搭建。
本文目录导读:
在云计算日益普及的今天,OpenStack作为开源云平台的代表,受到了广泛关注和应用,对于许多中小企业和个人开发者来说,利用VPS(虚拟专用服务器)搭建OpenStack私有云平台,不仅能够降低成本,还能提高资源的灵活性和可控性,本文将详细介绍如何在VPS上搭建OpenStack私有云平台,帮助读者从零开始掌握这一技术。
准备工作
1、选择合适的VPS提供商
选择一个可靠的VPS提供商是成功搭建OpenStack的第一步,常见的VPS提供商有DigitalOcean、Vultr、Linode等,建议选择配置较高、网络稳定的VPS,以便后续的部署和运行。
2、准备必要的软件和工具
- 操作系统:推荐使用Ubuntu 20.04 LTS,因为其社区支持较好,且与OpenStack兼容性高。
- SSH客户端:用于远程连接VPS。
- 文本编辑器:如Vim或Nano,用于编辑配置文件。
3、获取OpenStack安装包
可以从OpenStack官方下载最新版本的安装包,或者使用包管理工具直接安装。
安装和配置基础环境
1、更新系统
```bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
```
2、安装必要的依赖包
```bash
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev libffi-dev gcc libssl-dev -y
```
3、配置主机名和hosts文件
```bash
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname openstack-controller
sudo nano /etc/hosts
```
在hosts文件中添加:
```
127.0.0.1 localhost
<VPS_IP> openstack-controller
```
安装OpenStack服务
1、安装数据库服务
OpenStack需要数据库来存储配置和数据,通常使用MySQL或MariaDB。
```bash
sudo apt install mariadb-server python3-pymysql -y
sudo mysql_secure_installation
```
按提示完成数据库的安全配置。
2、安装消息队列服务
OpenStack使用RabbitMQ作为消息队列服务。
```bash
sudo apt install rabbitmq-server -y
sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl staRT rabbitmq-server
```
3、安装Keystone认证服务
Keystone是OpenStack的认证服务,负责用户身份验证和授权。
```bash
sudo apt install keystone apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 -y
```
配置Keystone数据库:
```bash
sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE keystone;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
EXIT;
```
编辑Keystone配置文件:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
```
在[database]
部分,添加:
```
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:your_password@localhost/keystone
```
初始化Keystone数据库:
```bash
sudo keystone-manage db_sync
```
配置Apache:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgi-keystone.conf
```
添加以下内容:
```
<VirtualHost *:5000>
ServerName openstack-controller
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGILogFile /var/log/keystone/keystone.log
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIScriptAlias /admin /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGILogFile /var/log/keystone/keystone.log
<Directory /usr/bin>
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
```
启用配置并重启Apache:
```bash
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgi-keystone.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled
sudo systemctl restart apache2
```
4、创建Keystone用户和角色
```bash
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
```
创建服务实体和端点:
```bash
openstack service create --name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity public http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity internal http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity admin http://openstack-controller:5000/v3
```
安装和配置其他OpenStack服务
1、安装Glance镜像服务
```bash
sudo apt install glance -y
sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE glance;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
EXIT;
```
配置Glance:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
```
在[database]
部分,添加:
```
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:your_password@localhost/glance
```
初始化Glance数据库:
```bash
sudo glance-manage db_sync
```
重启Glance服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl restart glance-api
sudo systemctl enable glance-api
```
2、安装Nova计算服务
```bash
sudo apt install nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler -y
sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE nova;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
EXIT;
```
配置Nova:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/nova/nova.conf
```
在[database]
部分,添加:
```
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:your_password@localhost/nova
```
初始化Nova数据库:
```bash
sudo nova-manage db sync
```
重启Nova服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl restart nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler
sudo systemctl enable nova-api nova-conductor nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler
```
3、安装Neutron网络服务
```bash
sudo apt install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent -y
sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE neutron;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
EXIT;
```
配置Neutron:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
```
在[database]
部分,添加:
```
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:your_password@localhost/neutron
```
初始化Neutron数据库:
```bash
sudo neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head
```
重启Neutron服务:
```bash
sudo systemctl restart neutron-server neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent
sudo systemctl enable neutron-server neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent
```
验证和测试
1、验证服务状态
使用以下命令检查各服务的状态:
```bash
sudo systemctl status keystone
sudo systemctl status glance-api
sudo systemctl status nova-api
sudo systemctl status neutron-server
```
2、创建测试实例
通过 Horizon Dashboard 或命令行工具创建一个测试实例,验证OpenStack环境是否搭建成功。
通过
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