[Linux操作系统]手把手教你搭建Ubuntu上的GitLab服务器|ubuntu搭建gitlab服务器,Ubuntu GitLab 搭建,Linux操作系统,云主机博士

本文详细介绍在Ubuntu操作系统上搭建GitLab服务器的步骤。介绍系统环境准备及依赖包安装；阐述GitLab社区版的下载与安装过程；配置GitLab，包括修改配置文件、初始化数据库等；验证服务器的运行状态并进行简单的使用演示。通过本文，读者可快速掌握在Ubuntu上搭建GitLab服务器的技巧，实现版本控制与协作开发。

本文目录导读：

准备工作
安装依赖包
安装GitLab
配置GitLab
基本设置
高级配置
常见问题与解决方案

在现代软件开发中，版本控制是不可或缺的一环，GitLab作为一款强大的开源版本控制系统，不仅提供了代码托管功能，还集成了CI/CD、问题跟踪等多种工具，深受开发者的喜爱，本文将详细介绍如何在Ubuntu操作系统上搭建GitLab服务器，帮助你在本地或远程环境中高效管理代码。

准备工作

1、系统要求：

- Ubuntu 20.04 LTS或更高版本

- 至少4GB内存（推荐8GB以上）

- 至少2核CPU（推荐4核以上）

- 至少20GB磁盘空间

2、更新系统：

在开始安装之前，确保系统是最新的：

```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade -y

```

安装依赖包

GitLab需要一些依赖包来正常运行，安装以下必要的包：

sudo apt install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl

安装GitLab

1、添加GitLab仓库：

使用curl命令添加GitLab的官方仓库：

```bash

curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/rePOSitories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

```

2、安装GitLab：

安装GitLab社区版（CE）或企业版（EE），这里以社区版为例：

```bash

sudo apt install gitlab-ce

```

安装过程中，系统会自动下载并安装GitLab及其依赖。

配置GitLab

1、初始化配置：

安装完成后，执行以下命令进行初始化配置：

```bash

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

```

该命令会根据/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件中的配置自动设置GitLab。

2、访问GitLab：

打开浏览器，输入服务器的IP地址或域名，默认端口为80。

```

http://your_server_ip

```

首次访问时，系统会要求你设置初始密码。

基本设置

1、修改管理员密码：

登录后，建议立即修改默认的root用户密码。

2、创建新用户：

为了安全起见，建议创建一个新的管理员账户，并禁用root账户。

3、配置SSH访问：

为了方便代码的push和pull，配置SSH密钥：

```bash

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

```

将生成的公钥添加到GitLab用户的SSH密钥中。

高级配置

1、配置外部访问：

如果需要在公网访问GitLab，建议配置HTTPS，可以使用Let's Encrypt免费证书：

```bash

sudo gitlab-ctl set-external-url 'https://your_domain.com'

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

```

2、邮件服务配置：

为了接收通知和重置密码等功能，需要配置邮件服务，编辑/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件，添加以下配置：

```ruby

gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true

gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.example.com"

gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 587

gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "smtp_user@example.com"

gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "smtp_password"

gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "example.com"

gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"

gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true

gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = false

```

保存后重新配置：

```bash

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

```

3、备份与恢复：

定期备份是保障数据安全的重要措施，配置备份任务：

```bash

gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = "/var/opt/gitlab/backups"

gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644

gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800 # 7 days

```

执行备份命令：

```bash

sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create

```

恢复数据时，将备份文件放到/var/opt/gitlab/backups目录下，执行：

```bash

sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=backup_file_name

```

常见问题与解决方案

1、内存不足：

如果服务器内存不足，可以考虑增加swap空间或优化GitLab配置。

2、端口冲突：

确保GitLab使用的端口（默认80和443）没有被其他服务占用。

3、邮件发送失败：

检查SMTP配置是否正确，必要时联系邮件服务提供商。

通过以上步骤，你可以在Ubuntu上成功搭建并配置GitLab服务器，开始高效的代码管理和协作，GitLab的强大功能将极大地提升你的开发效率。

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