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本文介绍了如何在Linux操作系统中使用Nginx防火墙来构建安全稳定的Web服务器环境。内容涵盖了Nginx防火墙的配置方法及其关闭步骤，帮助用户确保Web服务器的安全运行。

本文目录导读：

1. Nginx防火墙简介
2. Nginx防火墙的配置与应用

随着互联网的普及，网络安全问题日益突出，Web服务器的安全防护显得尤为重要，作为一款高性能的Web服务器和反向代理服务器，Nginx在国内外得到了广泛应用，本文将详细介绍如何利用Nginx防火墙来构建安全稳定的Web服务器环境。

Nginx防火墙简介

Nginx防火墙是基于Nginx开源模块的防火墙解决方案，它通过一系列的配置和模块，对Web服务器进行安全防护，Nginx防火墙具有以下特点：

1、高性能：Nginx防火墙基于Nginx的高性能架构，能够有效提高Web服务器的处理能力。

2、易于配置：Nginx防火墙通过简单的配置文件，即可实现对Web服务器的安全防护。

3、开源免费：Nginx防火墙是基于开源模块开发的，用户可以免费使用。

Nginx防火墙的配置与应用

1、安装Nginx

确保系统中已安装Nginx，如果没有安装，可以通过以下命令进行安装：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

2、配置Nginx防火墙

（1）修改Nginx配置文件

编辑Nginx的配置文件，通常位于/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，在http模块中，添加以下配置：

http {
    ...
    
    # 开启防火墙模块
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        # 防火墙配置
        location / {
            # 禁止访问不安全的文件类型
            deny        file Extension .php$;
            deny        file Extension .cgi$;
            deny        file Extension .pl$;
            deny        file Extension .jsp$;
            deny        file Extension .jspx$;
            deny        file Extension .asp$;
            deny        file Extension .aspx$;
            deny        file Extension .hta$;
            # 禁止访问不安全的目录
            deny        directory /var/www/html/cgi-bin/;
            deny        directory /var/www/html/cgi-bin-tmp/;
            deny        directory /var/www/html/tmp/;
            deny        directory /var/www/html/backup/";
            # 限制请求方法
            limit_req   zone=mylimit burst=10 nodelay;
            # 限制请求大小
            client_max_body_size 10m;
            # 其他安全配置
            add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
            add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
            add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
            add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
            add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy "same-origin";
            add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer, no-referrer-when-downgrade";
            add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-font-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-img-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-media-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-object-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-audio-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-video-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-track-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-event-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-animation-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-connection-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-websocket-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-notification-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-push-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-image-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-video-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-media-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-object-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-audio-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-track-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-event-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-animation-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline-connection-src 'self' 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本文标签属性：

Nginx防火墙：nginx防火墙在哪设置

Linux Web服务器安全：linux web服务器配置文件