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[Linux操作系统]Arch Linux 桌面环境安装详解|archlinux桌面环境选择,Arch Linux桌面环境安装,Arch Linux桌面环境安装指南,从选择到完美配置

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本文详细介绍了Arch Linux操作系统中桌面环境的安装过程,包括桌面环境的选择以及安装步骤,旨在帮助用户顺利完成Arch Linux的桌面环境配置。

本文目录导读:

  1. 准备工作
  2. 分区与格式化
  3. 挂载分区
  4. 安装基本系统
  5. 配置系统
  6. 安装桌面环境
  7. 安装其他软件

Arch Linux 是一款著名的轻量级、简单、灵活的 Linux 发行版,由于其高度可定制性,许多高级用户和开发者都偏爱使用 Arch Linux,本文将详细介绍如何在 Arch Linux 上安装桌面环境,让您的系统焕发活力。

准备工作

1、下载 Arch Linux 镜像:访问 Arch Linux 官方网站,下载最新的 ISO 镜像文件。

2、制作启动 U 盘:使用软件(如 Rufus)将 ISO 镜像写入 U 盘。

3、启动电脑并进入 Arch Linux:将 U 盘插入电脑,重启电脑,并在启动菜单中选择 Arch Linux。

4、连接网络:在终端中输入以下命令,连接到网络。

   ping www.google.com

如果能够成功连接,则继续下一步。

分区与格式化

1、查看硬盘分区情况:

   lsblk

2、使用 fdisk 或 gdisk 对硬盘进行分区:

   fdisk /dev/sda

按照提示进行分区操作。

3、格式化分区:

   mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

将分区格式化为 ext4 文件系统。

挂载分区

1、挂载根分区:

   mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

2、挂载其他分区(如 EFI 分区):

   mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot/efi

安装基本系统

1、安装 pacstrap:

   pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware

2、生成fstab文件:

   genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

配置系统

1、切换到新系统:

   arch-chroot /mnt

2、设置时区:

   ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

3、同步时间:

   hwclock --systohc

4、设置主机名:

   echo "your_hostname" > /etc/hostname

5、配置hosts文件:

   echo "127.0.0.1 localhost
   ::1 localhost
   127.0.0.1 your_hostname" > /etc/hosts

6、安装必要的软件:

   pacman -S vi git bash-completion

安装桌面环境

1、安装显示管理器(如 sddm):

   pacman -S sddm

2、安装桌面环境(以 GNOME 为例):

   pacman -S gnome

3、启动显示管理器:

   systemctl enable sddm

4、重启电脑,进入桌面环境。

安装其他软件

1、安装网络管理器(如 NetworkManager):

   pacman -S networkmanager

2、启动网络管理器:

   systemctl enable NetworkManager

3、安装其他常用软件:

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Arch Linux:archLinux 衍生版

桌面环境安装:桌面环境安装图片

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