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本文深入探讨了Linux操作系统下OpenStack云计算环境的搭建过程,详细介绍了OpenStack基础架构平台的构建方法,旨在帮助读者掌握OpenStack云计算环境的具体实践步骤。
本文目录导读:
随着云计算技术的快速发展,OpenStack作为一种开源的云计算管理平台,以其高度的可扩展性和灵活性,受到了越来越多企业和开发者的青睐,本文将详细介绍OpenStack云计算环境的搭建过程,帮助读者快速掌握OpenStack的基本使用方法。
OpenStack简介
OpenStack是一套开源的云计算管理平台项目,旨在为私有云、公有云和混合云提供统一的解决方案,OpenStack由多个组件组成,主要包括计算(Nova)、网络(Neutron)、存储(Cinder)、身份认证(Keystone)、镜像管理(Glance)等。
环境准备
1、硬件要求
- CPU:64位处理器
- 内存:至少4GB
- 硬盘:至少100GB
- 网络接口:至少两个物理网络接口
2、软件要求
- 操作系统:Ubuntu 18.04 LTS或CentOS 7
- Python版本:Python 3.6+
- MySQL数据库:MySQL 5.7+
- RabbitMQ消息队列:RabbitMQ 3.7+
- OpenStack版本:Train(或其他稳定版本)
OpenStack环境搭建步骤
1、安装操作系统
选择合适的操作系统,这里以Ubuntu 18.04 LTS为例,在安装过程中,确保安装了所有的更新和必要的软件包。
2、配置网络
为避免后续网络问题,需要在安装OpenStack之前对网络进行规划,建议使用静态IP地址,并规划好管理网络、数据网络和外部网络。
3、安装OpenStack依赖软件
在安装OpenStack之前,需要安装一些依赖软件,如MySQL、RabbitMQ、Memcached等。
- 安装MySQL:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server python3-pymysql
- 安装RabbitMQ:
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server
- 安装Memcached:
sudo apt-get install memcached python3-memcache
4、安装OpenStack组件
- 安装Keystone(身份认证服务):
sudo apt-get install keystone
- 安装Glance(镜像管理服务):
sudo apt-get install glance
- 安装Nova(计算服务):
sudo apt-get install nova-api nova-conductor nova-consoleauth nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler
- 安装Neutron(网络服务):
sudo apt-get install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-metadata-agent
- 安装Cinder(存储服务):
sudo apt-get install cinder-api cinder-scheduler cinder-volume
5、配置OpenStack组件
- 配置Keystone:
修改/etc/keystone/keystone.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
[database] connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@controller/keystone [token] provider = fernet
- 配置Glance:
修改/etc/glance/glance-api.conf
和/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
[database] connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@controller/glance [keystone_authtoken] auth_uri = http://controller:5000 auth_url = http://controller:35357 memcached_servers = controller:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance
- 配置Nova:
修改/etc/nova/nova.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
[api] auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken] auth_uri = http://controller:5000 auth_url = http://controller:35357 memcached_servers = controller:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = nova password = nova [database] connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@controller/nova [rabbitmq] transport_url = rabbit://nova:nova@controller
- 配置Neutron:
修改/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
[database] connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@controller/neutron [keystone_authtoken] auth_uri = http://controller:5000 auth_url = http://controller:35357 memcached_servers = controller:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron [nova] auth_url = http://controller:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = nova password = nova [oslo_concurrency] lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp
- 配置Cinder:
修改/etc/cinder/cinder.conf
文件,添加以下内容:
[database] connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@controller/cinder [keystone_authtoken] auth_uri = http://controller:5000 auth_url = http://controller:35357 memcached_servers = controller:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = cinder password = cinder [oslo_concurrency] lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp
6、同步数据库
执行以下命令同步数据库:
sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --subproject neutron-server upgrade head" neutron sudo su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder
7、启动OpenStack服务
执行以下命令启动OpenStack服务:
sudo systemctl start apache2 sudo systemctl start memcached sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server sudo systemctl start neutron-server sudo systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent sudo systemctl start neutron-dhcp-agent sudo systemctl start neutron-l3-agent sudo systemctl start neutron-metadata-agent sudo systemctl start nova-api sudo systemctl start nova-consoleauth sudo systemctl start nova-scheduler sudo systemctl start nova-conductor sudo systemctl start nova-novncproxy sudo systemctl start glance-api sudo systemctl start glance-registry sudo systemctl start cinder-api sudo systemctl start cinder-scheduler sudo systemctl start cinder-volume
8、配置防火墙规则
为了确保OpenStack服务的正常运行,需要配置防火墙规则,以下是一个示例:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22,80,443,5000,35357,9696,8773,8776,8777,8778 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 53,67,68 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 9613,9292,9393,9517 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 4789,8472 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 5000 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 35357 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9696 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8773
本文标签属性:
OpenStack云计算:openstack云计算安装步骤
环境搭建:c++环境搭建
OpenStack云计算环境搭建:openstack云计算基础架构平台